The Hidden Signs of a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite

Alpha-gal is a sugar molecule that is found in mammals, such as cows, pigs and sheep. But interestingly, sugar is also found in the saliva of ticks, especially the Lone Star tick, which is a common tick in the southern and northeastern states.

“When the tick bites a human, it inserts alpha-gal into the skin, along with other tick proteins, and triggers an immune response,” says Lighvani. “Then the individual becomes sensitized to the alpha-gal.”

Alpha-gal sensitivity is what triggers red meat allergy, as well as allergies to meat derivatives like gelatin.

The red meat allergy that tick-bitten patients may develop is different from other allergies, which is why it can be difficult to establish a connection and an allergy difficult to diagnose.

“The allergic reaction can range from hives to a full rash in anaphylaxis, which can mean your blood pressure drops,” Lighvani said. “And sometimes people have isolated gastrointestinal symptoms. They eat food and later they have abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, but they don’t have a rash. They can go to their doctor and they’re told they have IBS or a food intolerance, and no one is looking for the alpha-gal allergy.

The other factor that makes diagnosis difficult is the delay between ingestion and reaction. The other factor that makes diagnosis difficult is the delay between ingestion and reaction. There could be a window of two to six hours between food ingestion and reaction. Typically, allergic reactions are immediate or within an hour.

According to the new commentary, patients who have a history of tick bites or who like to spend time outdoors are at higher risk for allergies. In addition, a research article published in Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology says that the people who receive multiple tick bites (more than four) are also more at risk.

“We really advise against tick bites because they can re-aggravate and re-sensitize the individual,” Lighvani said. “If you get stung multiple times, it reinvigorates your allergic reaction.”

The best way to treat alpha-gal syndrome is abstinence from triggers. This includes meat like beef, pork, and lamb. This can also include gelatin-containing products like marshmallows, Jell-O, gummy bears, or even medications with gelatin ingredients or capsules.

“Generally, I would say if you’re sensitized and reacting, you need to be strict about avoiding alpha-gal in forms that trigger reactions,” Lighvani said.

If you or your GP suspect you might have this allergy, it can be diagnosed with a simple blood test. An allergist will do a workup, including blood testing for specific antibodies to alpha-gal. If these antibodies are detected, the allergist will educate the patient on best avoidance practices.

Lighvani also suggests having an EpiPen available, as the degree of an allergic reaction can vary from person to person. Ganjhu also recommends carrying Benedryl with you, as it can numb the allergic reaction.

The best way to avoid global allergy is to avoid tick bites. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests the following for avoid tick bites:

• Use EPA-registered insect repellents.
• Avoid wooded and brushy areas.
• Walk in the center of the trails.
• Check your clothes for ticks after going inside.
• Examine equipment and pets.
• Shower soon after being outside.
• Check your body for ticks, especially the armpits, in and around the ears, inside the navel, on the back of the knees, in and around the hair, between the legs, around the waist.
• Treat clothing and equipment with products containing 0.5% permethrin.