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2022 Monkeypox Outbreak: Global Trends

bynewsdesk
August 20, 2022

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This report provides a global overview of the monkeypox epidemiological situation as reported to WHO as of August 18 2022. The report focuses on laboratory confirmed cases1 as defined by the WHO’s working case definition published in the Surveillance, case investigation and contact tracing for monkeypox interim guidance. Note that countries may use their own case definitions separate from those outlined in the above document. This report should be considered in the context of other WHO information products associated with the 2022 monkeypox outbreak, and monkeypox in general:

  • The biweekly Situation Report provides a comprehensive update of the monkeypox situation and response activities across a variety of domains such as epidemiology, clinical management and communications, replacing the previous Disease Outbreak News format;

  • The Emergency Dashboard provides the latest daily data on total cases and deaths of monkeypox, as well as other events and emergencies to which WHO is responding;

  • This global epidemiological report provides in-depth epidemiological information about the monkeypox situation, based primarily on case report forms provided by Member States to WHO under Article 6 of the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005).

Links to these products can be see in more detail at the end of the report.

Since 1 January 2022, cases of monkeypox have been reported to WHO from 94 Member States across all 6 WHO regions. As of August 18 2022 at 17h CEST, a total of 39,110 laboratory confirmed cases and 191 probable cases, including 12 deaths, have been reported to WHO. Since 13 May 2022, a high proportion of these cases have been reported from countries without previously documented monkeypox transmission. This is the first time that cases and sustained chains of transmission have been reported in countries without direct or immediate epidemiological links to areas of West or Central Africa.

With the exception of countries2 areas of West and Central Africa, the ongoing outbreak of monkeypox continues to primarily affect men who have sex with men who have reported recent sex with one or multiple partners. At present there is no signal suggesting sustained transmission beyond these networks.

Confirmation of one case of monkeypox, in a country, is considered an outbreak. The unexpected appearance of monkeypox in several regions in the initial absence of epidemiological links to areas in West and Central Africa, suggests that there may have been undetected transmission for some time.

WHO assesses the global risk as Moderate. Regionally, WHO assesses the risk in the European Region as High and as Moderate in the African Region, Region of the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean Region and the South-East Asia Region. The risk in the Western Pacific Region is assessed as Low-Moderate. The IHR Emergency Committee on the multi-country outbreak of monkeypox held its second meeting on 21 July 2022. Having considered the views of committee members and advisors as well as other factors in line with the International Health Regulations (2005), the WHO Director-General declared this outbreak a public health emergency of international concern and issued temporary recommendations in relation to the outbreak.

 

  1. For the WHO European region, both confirmed and probable cases are included within confirmed case counts and detailed case data.

  2. Throughout this document, any use of the word country should be considered shorthand for a country, area, or territory

  3. All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

The number of weekly1 reported new cases globally has increased by 20.3% in week 32 (08 Aug – 14 Aug) (n = 7,477 cases) compared to week 31 (01 Aug – 07 Aug) (n = 6,217 cases). The majority of cases reported in the past 4 weeks were notified from the Region of the Americas (57.9%) and the European Region (41%).

The 10 most affected countries globally are: United States of America (n = 12,743), Spain (n = 5,792), Germany (n = 3,242), The United Kingdom (n = 3,195), Brazil (n = 3,184), France (n = 2,749), Canada (n = 1,091), Netherlands (n = 1,029), Peru (n = 867), and Portugal (n = 770). Together, these countries account for 88.6% of the cases reported globally.

In the past 7 days, 36 countries reported an increase in the weekly number of cases, with the highest increase reported in United States of America. 17 countries have reported no new cases in the past 21 days.

In the past 7 days, 2 countries reported their first case. countries which reported their first case in the past 7 days are: Monaco (12 August), Iran (Islamic Republic of) (18 August).

Global data are data collected by public sources. These data are largely aggregated cases that have been reported from open and official country sources. The below epidemic curve shows the aggregated number of cases by week according to the date of case reporting.

Epidemic curve (cases)

Epidemic curve shown for cases reported up to 14 Aug 2022 to avoid showing incomplete weeks of data.

Epidemic curve (deaths)

Epidemic curve shown for cases reported up to 14 Aug 2022 to avoid showing incomplete weeks of data.

Epidemic curve by WHO Region (cases)

Epidemic curve shown for deaths reported up to 14 Aug 2022 to avoid showing incomplete weeks of data. Note different y-axis scales.

Epidemic curve by WHO Region (deaths)

Epidemic curve shown for deaths reported up to 14 Aug 2022 to avoid showing incomplete weeks of data. Note different y-axis scales.

Table – Cases and deaths by WHO Region

Total Confirmed Cases Total Probable Cases Total Deaths
European Region 19,888 0 2
Region of the Americas 18,659 191 2
African Region 404 0 7
Western Pacific Region 111 0 0
Eastern Mediterranean Region 35 0 0
South-East Asia Region 13 0 1
Total 39,110 191 12



Table – Cases and deaths by country

Total Confirmed Cases Total Probable Cases Total Deaths
Region of the Americas
United States of America 12,743 0 0
Brazil 3,184 90 1
Canada 1,091 98 0
Peru 867 0 0
Mexico 252 0 0
Chile 189 1 0
Colombia 129 0 0
Argentina 72 0 0
Puerto Rico 54 0 0
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 27 0 0
Ecuador 19 1 1
Dominican Republic 6 1 0
Jamaica 4 0 0
Panama 4 0 0
Costa Rica 3 0 0
Guatemala 3 0 0
Honduras 3 0 0
Uruguay 2 0 0
Bahamas 1 0 0
Barbados 1 0 0
Bermuda 1 0 0
Guadeloupe 1 0 0
Martinique 1 0 0
Saint Martin 1 0 0
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1 0 0
European Region
Spain 5,792 0 2
Germany 3,242 0 0
The United Kingdom 3,195 0 0
France 2,749 0 0
Netherlands 1,029 0 0
Portugal 770 0 0
Italy 662 0 0
Belgium 624 0 0
Switzerland 392 0 0
Austria 217 0 0
Israel 194 0 0
Denmark 158 0 0
Sweden 130 0 0
Ireland 113 0 0
Poland 104 0 0
Norway 74 0 0
Hungary 62 0 0
Greece 50 0 0
Luxembourg 45 0 0
Slovenia 43 0 0
Czechia 36 0 0
Romania 33 0 0
Malta 31 0 0
Serbia 31 0 0
Finland 22 0 0
Croatia 17 0 0
Iceland 12 0 0
Slovakia 10 0 0
Estonia 9 0 0
Gibraltar 6 0 0
Lithuania 5 0 0
Andorra 4 0 0
Bulgaria 4 0 0
Cyprus 4 0 0
Latvia 4 0 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 0 0
Monaco 3 0 0
Georgia 2 0 0
Greenland 2 0 0
Republic of Moldova 2 0 0
Montenegro 1 0 0
Russian Federation 1 0 0
Türkiye 1 0 0
African Region
Nigeria 172 0 4
Democratic Republic of the Congo 163 0 0
Ghana 47 0 1
Cameroon 7 0 0
South Africa 4 0 0
Benin 3 0 0
Central African Republic 3 0 2
Congo 3 0 0
Liberia 2 0 0
Western Pacific Region
Australia 82 0 0
Singapore 15 0 0
Japan 4 0 0
New Zealand 4 0 0
China 3 0 0
Republic of Korea 1 0 0
New Caledonia 1 0 0
Philippines 1 0 0
Eastern Mediterranean Region
United Arab Emirates 16 0 0
Lebanon 6 0 0
Saudi Arabia 6 0 0
Qatar 3 0 0
Sudan 2 0 0
Morocco 1 0 0
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1 0 0
South-East Asia Region
India 9 0 1
Thailand 4 0 0
–
Total 39,110 191 12



Table – African Region

Total Cases Total cases per 1M inhabitants Cases in past 7 days 7-day % change in cases Days since last report Date of first reported case
African Region
Nigeria 172 1 15 −38% 0 02 Jan 2022
Democratic Republic of the Congo 163 2 0 0% 0 13 Jun 2022
Ghana 47 2 0 −100% 0 13 Jun 2022
Cameroon 7 0 0 0% 0 13 Jun 2022
South Africa 4 0 1 100% 0 23 Jun 2022
Benin 3 0 0 0% 0 15 Jun 2022
Central African Republic 3 1 0 0% 0 13 Feb 2022
Congo 3 0 0 −100% 0 21 May 2022
Liberia 2 0 0 0% 0 01 Aug 2022



Table – Region of the Americas

Total Cases Total cases per 1M inhabitants Cases in past 7 days 7-day % change in cases Days since last report Date of first reported case
Region of the Americas
United States of America 12,743 38 3,283 4% 0 03 Jun 2022
Brazil 3,184 15 769 −18% 0 10 Jun 2022
Canada 1,091 29 83 −30% 0 03 Jun 2022
Peru 867 26 284 10% 0 28 Jun 2022
Mexico 252 2 105 88% 0 03 Jun 2022
Chile 189 10 63 11% 0 18 Jun 2022
Colombia 129 2 74 110% 2 25 Jun 2022
Argentina 72 2 35 480% 1 03 Jun 2022
Puerto Rico 54 19 20 54% 0 01 Jul 2022
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 27 2 21 320% 0 03 Aug 2022
Ecuador 19 1 7 17% 1 14 Jun 2022
Dominican Republic 6 1 2 100% 0 06 Jul 2022
Jamaica 4 1 1 0% 6 08 Jul 2022
Panama 4 1 2 100% 1 06 Jul 2022
Costa Rica 3 1 0 0% 9 21 Jul 2022
Guatemala 3 0 0 −100% 7 04 Aug 2022
Honduras 3 0 3 100% 2 04 Aug 2022
Uruguay 2 1 0 0% 9 31 Jul 2022
Bahamas 1 2 0 0% 9 27 Jun 2022
Barbados 1 4 0 0% 9 19 Jul 2022
Bermuda 1 16 0 0% 9 23 Jul 2022
Guadeloupe 1 2 0 −100% 9 04 Aug 2022
Martinique 1 3 0 0% 9 20 Jul 2022
Saint Martin 1 26 0 0% 9 04 Aug 2022
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1 0 0 0% 9 14 Jun 2022



Table – Eastern Mediterranean Region

Total Cases Total cases per 1M inhabitants Cases in past 7 days 7-day % change in cases Days since last report Date of first reported case
Eastern Mediterranean Region
United Arab Emirates 16 2 0 0% 25 24 May 2022
Lebanon 6 1 0 0% 14 20 Jun 2022
Saudi Arabia 6 0 1 100% 3 14 Jul 2022
Qatar 3 1 0 −100% 9 21 Jul 2022
Sudan 2 0 0 −100% 8 01 Aug 2022
Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1 0 1 100% 0 18 Aug 2022
Morocco 1 0 0 0% 65 02 Jun 2022



Table – European Region

Total Cases Total cases per 1M inhabitants Cases in past 7 days 7-day % change in cases Days since last report Date of first reported case
European Region
Spain 5,792 122 522 −25% 0 18 May 2022
Germany 3,242 39 217 17% 0 20 May 2022
The United Kingdom 3,195 47 178 −31% 0 07 May 2022
France 2,749 42 148 −59% 0 19 May 2022
Netherlands 1,029 59 70 120% 0 22 May 2022
Portugal 770 75 60 −22% 0 17 May 2022
Italy 662 11 63 −33% 0 19 May 2022
Belgium 624 54 78 22% 0 19 May 2022
Switzerland 392 45 31 −46% 0 21 May 2022
Austria 217 24 31 −24% 0 23 May 2022
Israel 194 22 20 18% 0 21 May 2022
Denmark 158 27 29 38% 0 23 May 2022
Sweden 130 13 7 −67% 0 18 May 2022
Ireland 113 23 12 200% 0 16 May 2022
Poland 104 3 19 −14% 0 13 Jun 2022
Norway 74 14 8 170% 0 31 May 2022
Hungary 62 6 11 22% 0 31 May 2022
Greece 50 5 9 29% 0 09 Jun 2022
Luxembourg 45 72 11 180% 0 16 Jun 2022
Slovenia 43 20 2 −50% 0 24 May 2022
Czechia 36 3 7 75% 0 24 May 2022
Romania 33 2 5 −17% 0 14 Jun 2022
Malta 31 60 1 −92% 0 30 May 2022
Serbia 31 4 8 −38% 0 17 Jun 2022
Finland 22 4 0 −100% 0 20 May 2022
Croatia 17 4 5 100% 0 24 Jun 2022
Iceland 12 33 1 0% 0 09 Jun 2022
Slovakia 10 2 1 −67% 0 07 Jul 2022
Estonia 9 7 0 −100% 0 28 Jun 2022
Gibraltar 6 178 0 −100% 0 02 Jun 2022
Lithuania 5 2 0 −100% 0 04 Aug 2022
Andorra 4 52 0 −100% 0 25 Jul 2022
Bulgaria 4 1 0 0% 0 23 Jun 2022
Cyprus 4 4 1 −50% 0 03 Aug 2022
Latvia 4 2 1 100% 0 03 Jun 2022
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3 1 2 100% 0 14 Jul 2022
Monaco 3 76 3 100% 0 12 Aug 2022
Georgia 2 0 1 100% 0 15 Jun 2022
Greenland 2 35 0 −100% 0 10 Aug 2022
Republic of Moldova 2 0 1 0% 0 09 Aug 2022
Montenegro 1 2 0 0% 0 31 Jul 2022
Russian Federation 1 0 0 0% 0 12 Jul 2022
Türkiye 1 0 0 0% 0 30 Jun 2022



Table – South-East Asia Region

Total Cases Total cases per 1M inhabitants Cases in past 7 days 7-day % change in cases Days since last report Date of first reported case
South-East Asia Region
India 9 0 0 −100% 12 14 Jul 2022
Thailand 4 0 0 0% 14 21 Jul 2022



Table – Western Pacific Region

Total Cases Total cases per 1M inhabitants Cases in past 7 days 7-day % change in cases Days since last report Date of first reported case
Western Pacific Region
Australia 82 3 12 0% 2 20 May 2022
Singapore 15 3 0 −100% 13 21 Jun 2022
Japan 4 0 0 −100% 8 25 Jul 2022
New Zealand 4 1 0 −100% 7 11 Jul 2022
China 3 0 0 −100% 12 24 Jun 2022
New Caledonia 1 4 0 0% 37 12 Jul 2022
Philippines 1 0 0 0% 20 29 Jul 2022
Republic of Korea 1 0 0 0% 57 22 Jun 2022



Table – countries with last case reported 21 or more days ago

Last Reported Case Days Elapsed
Eastern Mediterranean Region
Morocco 2 Jun 2022 77
United Arab Emirates 24 Jul 2022 25
African Region
Benin 15 Jun 2022 64
Central African Republic 3 Jul 2022 46
Cameroon 12 Jul 2022 37
Democratic Republic of the Congo 18 Jul 2022 31
Region of the Americas
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 15 Jun 2022 64
Bahamas 27 Jun 2022 52
Barbados 19 Jul 2022 30
Martinique 20 Jul 2022 29
Bermuda 23 Jul 2022 26
Costa Rica 28 Jul 2022 21
Western Pacific Region
Republic of Korea 22 Jun 2022 57
New Caledonia 12 Jul 2022 37
European Region
Türkiye 30 Jun 2022 49
Russian Federation 12 Jul 2022 37
Bulgaria 25 Jul 2022 24




Epidemic curve by country

Epidemic curve shown for cases reported up to 15 Aug 2022 to avoid showing incomplete weeks of data. In general, trends should be interpretted with caution, as the majority of countries do not report cases on a daily basis.

 



  1. Weekly reported cases, and weekly cases shown in the epidemic curve are aggregated according to international standard weeks, running from Monday to Sunday.

Detailed case data are acquired via direct reporting of case based data via WHO Member States. Data from cases are reported1 according to the WHO minimum dataset under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) Article 6, and subsequently aggreagated and presented below. Note that completeness of records is variable, meaning denominators for each output may be different from one another. All of the following is derived from the detailed case data, and as a result, overall numbers may not be reflective of figures shown with aggregate case numbers. All detailed cases shown are confirmed cases, where the reporting date occured after 01 January 2022.

  1. Note that a small number of detailed case reports are constructed from official public reports about individual cases.

Reporting coverage

The detailed case dataset was last updated on August 17 2022. As of this date, the total number of detailed confirmed cases reported is 29,558, representing 84.7% of all aggregated cases reported.

The table below indicate the reporting coverage between reported aggregated confirmed cases and detailed confirmed cases by countries and per region.

Note that for all tables below, in order to best align modes of reporting, total confirmed cases are shown as of:

  1. The most recent Friday (12 August) for data in the Region of the Americas.

  2. The most recent Tuesday (16 August) for data in the European Region.

Total cases shown fully as of 18 August are shown in the global trends section.

Table – Coverage by region

Total Confirmed Cases Total Detailed Confirmed Cases % Detailed Cases reported
European Region 19,429 18,961 97.6%
Region of the Americas 14,925 10,371 69.5%
African Region 404 173 42.8%
Western Pacific Region 111 19 17.1%
Eastern Mediterranean Region 35 30 85.7%
South-East Asia Region 13 4 30.8%



Case profile (overall)

As shown below, and stated previously, the ongoing outbreak is largely developing in men who have sex with men (defined as homosexual or bisexual males in detailed case forms) networks. In the following analyses, we have re-coded men reported as bisexual as men who have sex with men. Note that reported sexual orientation does not necessarily reflect who the case has had recent sexual history with nor does it imply sexual activity. Generally, severity has been low, with few reported hospitalisations and deaths:

Key features of these cases are as follows:

  • 98.5% (17681/17943) of cases with available data are male, the median age is 36 years (IQR: 30 – 43).

  • Males between 18-44 years old continue to be disproportionately affected by this outbreak as they account for 76.5% of cases.

  • Of all cases with available data, 1.5% (262/17943) are female:

    • The majority of of these cases are reported from the European Region (177/262; 68%) and the African Region (61/262; 23%)

    • Of the cases where sexual orientation is reported, the majority are Heterosexual (76/82; 93%).

    • The most commonly reported exposure setting is in a household (20/56; 36%), and the most common form of transmission is via sexual encounters (49/85; 58%)

  • Of the 21,042 cases where age was available, there were 107 (0.5%) cases reported aged 0-17, out of which 26 (0.1%) were aged 0-4:

    • The majority of these cases are reported from the African Region (65 /262; 61%).

    • Of the children reported, 0 have reported exposure in a school setting.

  • Among cases with known data on sexual orientation, 96.9% (8891/9171) identified as men who have sex with men. Of those identified as men who have sex with men, 82 / 8891 (0.9%) were identified as bisexual men.

  • Among those with known HIV status 41.0% (3,375/8,226) were HIV-positive. Note that information on HIV status is not available for the majority of cases, and for those for which it is available, it is likely to be skewed towards those reporting positive HIV results.

  • 395 cases were reported to be health workers. However, most were infected in the community and further investigation is ongoing to determine whether the remaining infection was due to occupational exposure.

  • Of all reported types of transmission, a sexual encounter was reported most commonly, with 6,101 of 6,693 (91.2%) of all reported transmission events.

  • Of all settings in which cases were likely exposed, the most common was in party setting with sexual contacts, with 2,221 of 3,652 (60.8%) of all likely exposure categories.

Demographic Information

Note that the proportions shown below should be interpreted with caution. When considering some variables, it is more likely that a yes response will be obtained when compared to a no response after consideration of true proportions of these factors. This is most likely to be true for variables where reported answers can only be yes or no, such as HIV status, health worker status, travel history, hospitalisation, ICU, and death.

Reported values Unknown or
Missing Value
Yes No
Men who have sex with men 8891 (96.9%) 280 (3.1%) 20368
HIV-Positive 3375 (41.0%) 4848 (59.0%) 21316
Health worker 395 (9.0%) 3976 (91.0%) 25168
Travel History 992 (32.2%) 2084 (67.8%) 26463
Sexual Transmission 6098 (91.2%) 592 (8.8%) 22849
Hospitalised 1003 (7.8%) 11902 (92.2%) 16634
ICU 4 (0.1%) 5029 (99.9%) 24506
Died 2 (0.0%) 13632 (100.0%) 15905



Transmission type

Transmission data were available for 6,693/29,558 (22.6%) of cases.

When considering transmission, note that separating transmission via skin-to-skin contact during sex and transmission via bodily fluids is not possible. While skin-to-skin contact with lesions remains an important transmission route, monkeypox virus has been isolated from semen samples and rectal swabs from confirmed cases.



Exposure settings

Exposure setting data were available for 3,327/29,558 (11.3%) of cases.

Note that multiple exposure settings can be attributed to a single case. Here, differentiation here between party settings and large events is determined by size of the event, although there is no formal size threshold to distinguish the two.



Case profile (excluding men who have sex with men)

The following outputs apply to cases that are not men who have sex with men, and sexual orientation is known. Other categories of sexual orientation that are reportable are:

  • Heterosexual
  • Lesbian (women who have sex with women)
  • Other

As stated above, men who have sex with men in this case refers to those who have a reported sexual orientation of men whi have sex with men, and men reported as bisexual. As above, note that reported sexual orientation does not necessarily reflect persons who the case has had recent sexual history with nor does it imply sexual activity. Up until this point in time, the 2022 multi-country Monkeypox outbreak has been overwhelmingly concentrated in networks of men who have sex with men For this reason, understanding events in which individuals of other sexual orientation have acquired monkeypox is important to monitor potential of sustained spillover into the general population.

  • 70.1% (192/274) of cases with available data are male; the median age is 34 years (IQR: 28-43).

  • Males between 18-44 years old account for 53.6% of cases.

  • Among those with known HIV status 9.1% (21/230) were HIV-positive. Note that information on HIV status is not available for the majority of cases, and for those for which it is available, it is likely to be skewed towards those reporting positive HIV results.

  • 3 cases were reported to be health workers. However, most were infected in the community and further investigation is ongoing to determine whether the remaining infection was due to occupational exposure.

  • Of all reported types of transmission, sexual encounter was reported most commonly, with 102 of 130 (78.5%) of all reported transmission events.

  • Of all settings in which cases were likely exposed, the most common was in party setting with sexual contacts, with 28 of 88 (31.8%) of all likely exposure categories.

Demographic Information

Note that the proportions shown below should be interpreted with caution. When considering some variables, it is more likely that a yes response will be obtained when compared to a no response after consideration of true proportions of these factors. This is most likely to be true for variables where reported answers can only be yes or no, such as HIV status, health worker status, travel history, hospitalisation, ICU, and death.

Reported values Unknown or
Missing Value
Yes No
Men who have sex with men 0 280 (100.0%) 0
HIV-Positive 21 (9.1%) 209 (90.9%) 50
Health worker 3 (1.5%) 192 (98.5%) 85
Travel History 38 (36.2%) 67 (63.8%) 175
Sexual Transmission 102 (78.5%) 28 (21.5%) 150
Hospitalised 48 (18.2%) 216 (81.8%) 16
ICU 0 137 (100.0%) 143
Died 0 269 (100.0%) 11



Transmission type

Transmission data were available for 130/280 (46.4%) of cases.

When considering transmission, note that separating transmission via skin-to-skin contact during sex and transmission via bodily fluids is not possible. While skin-to-skin contact with lesions remains an important transmission route, monkeypox virus has been isolated from semen samples and rectal swabs from confirmed cases.



Exposure settings

Exposure setting data were available for 83/280 (29.6%) of cases that were not men who have sex with men.

Note that multiple exposure settings can be attributed to a single case. Here, differentiation here between party settings and large events is determined by size of the event, although there is no formal size threshold to distinguish the two.



Symptomatology

Although most cases in current outbreaks have presented with mild disease symptoms, monkeypox virus (MPXV) may cause severe disease in certain population groups (young children, pregnant women, immunosuppressed persons)

Among the cases who reported at least one symptom, the most common symptom is fever and is reported in 71% of cases with at least one reported symptom. Note that identifying true denominators for symptomatology is difficult due to a general lack of negative reporting and symptom definitions that may vary between countries’ reporting systems.

A bar chart and table showing symptoms is shown below. Here any rash refers to one or more rash symptoms (systemic, oral, genital, or unknown location), and any lymphadenopathy refers to either general or local lymphadenopathy.

Table – Symptoms

Number
Fever 15494 (71.2%)
Any rash 15133 (69.6%)
Systemic rash 9441 (43.4%)
Genital rash 5749 (26.4%)
Any lymphadenopathy 4509 (20.7%)
Lymphadenopathy 4344 (20.0%)
Local lymphadenopathy 3416 (15.7%)
Fatigue 3344 (15.4%)
Headache 3153 (14.5%)
Muscle ache 3070 (14.1%)
Rash, unknown location 2829 (13.0%)
Sore throat 1452 (6.7%)
Oral rash 1366 (6.3%)
Chills 388 (1.8%)
Anogenital pain and/or bleeding 179 (0.8%)
Vomiting 142 (0.7%)
Asymptomatic 10 (0.0%)
Other 10 (0.0%)
Conjunctivitis 0
Cough 0
Diarrhea 0
Genital oedema 0
Lymphadenopathy, location unknown 0



Since 1970, human cases of monkeypox have been reported in 9 countries in the WHO African region: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. The true burden of monkeypox in these countries is not known. This section specifically focuses on those countries in the African region with a history of monkeypox, in order to highlight any differences in epidemiology between those countries and those within the ongoing 2022 monkeypox outbreak without a history of monkeypox. Notably, while the ongoing 2022 monkeypox outbreak has been associated with Clade II of monkeypox virus, historically outbreaks have been driven by that and Clade I.

Historically, the sexual component of transmission in the countries above has been thought to contribute less to human to human transmission of monkeypox than has been observed in the ongoing global outbreak. It should also be noted that there is limited testing capacity for monkeypox in many of these countries, which has led to underascertainment of monkeypox cases.

In 2022, as of 18 Aug 2022, there have been 350 confirmed cases of monkeypox reported in these countries and 6 deaths. These represent 1% and 50% of global cases and deaths respectively. In addition, 173 (49% of all cases) detailed cases have been reported to WHO.

Of those cases with detailed data:

  • 110 male cases (64.3%) and 61 female cases (35.7%) have been reported

  • The median age is 25 (IQR: 11 – 35).

  • Of the 168 cases where age was available, there were 65 (38.7% of total) cases reported aged 0-17, out of which 21 (12.5% of total) were aged 0-4.

  • There are currently no detailed cases for which transmission or exposure setting detail is available

Trends from these countries are shown below:

Epidemic curve by date of notification (cases)

Epidemic curve shown for cases reported up to 15 Aug 2022 to avoid showing incomplete weeks of data.

Epidemic curve by date of notification (deaths)

Epidemic curve shown for deaths reported up to 15 Aug 2022 to avoid showing incomplete weeks of data.

Epidemic curve by date of onset

This epidemic curve is shown for those cases with detailed case data, giving date of onset.

Data Overview and Visualizations

The WHO 2022 monkeypox global trends report aims to provide frequently updated data visualizations. Caution must be taken when interpreting all data presented, and differences between information products published by WHO, national public health authorities, and other sources using different inclusion criteria and different data cut-off times are to be expected. While steps are taken to ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are subject to continuous verification and change. All counts are subject to variations in case detection, definitions, laboratory testing, and reporting strategies between countries, states and territories.

WHO makes no warranties or representations regarding the contents, appearance, completeness, technical specifications, or accuracy of the report. WHO disclaims all responsibility relating to, and shall not be liable for, any use of the report, the results of such use, or the reliance thereon.

WHO reserves the right to make updates and changes to the report without notice, and accepts no liability for any errors or omissions in this regard.

The user of the report is responsible for the interpretation and use of the analysis and outputs performed by the report. The submission of content to the report does not imply WHO’s approval or endorsement of that content, or that the content is appropriate for any purpose or meets any established standard or requirement

Any designations employed or presentation by the user in its use of the app, including tables and maps, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries.

All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).

A dispute exists between the Governments of Argentina and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland concerning sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).

We gratefully acknowledge the input of national public health staff involved in surveillance activities and data submission to WHO, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) for the provision of surveillance data collected via the TESSy platform, as well as external partners who contributed additional insights and contextual information on the data.

Sources

1/ https://Google.com/

2/ https://worldhealthorg.shinyapps.io/mpx_global/

The mention sources can contact us to remove/changing this article

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