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Drinking two or more cups of coffee per day is associated with about twice the risk of premature death per heart disease in people with severe hypertensiona new study suggests.
A cup of coffee a day doesn’t seem to carry this risk, and neither does green tea, according to study results published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
“These results may support the claim that people with severe high blood pressure should avoid drinking too much coffee,” said study lead author Hiroyasu Iso, MD, PhD, MPH, in a statement. statement. Dr Iso is director of the Institute for Global Health Policy Research at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Tokyo, said.
“To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to find an association between drinking two or more cups of coffee per day and mortality from cardiovascular disease in people with severe hypertension,” Iso noted. .
Coffee may protect heart health, but may not for people with severe hypertension
Some Previous search linked a daily cup of coffee to a lower risk of so-called “cardiac events” and death from cardiovascular disease in heart attack survivors. Iso and his team therefore expected that people with severe hypertension would benefit from drinking coffee.
This was not the case. “Because people with severe hypertension are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine, the harmful effects of caffeine may outweigh its protective effects and may increase the risk of death,” Iso said.
What is high blood pressure and severe high blood pressure?
High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, occurs when the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels is consistently too high, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood, according to the American Heart Association.
Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Blood pressure readings are given as two values: the first is the pressure when the heart is beating (systolic) and the second is the pressure when the heart is relaxing (diastolic).
The current guidelines of the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology classify hypertension as blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg or higher. In the United States, blood pressure of at least 140/90 is considered serious and blood pressure of at least 180/120 is considered a medical emergency, for example. Mayo Clinic.
For the new study, which followed more than 18,000 adults in Japan for around two decades, scientists defined severe hypertension as blood pressure of at least 160/100 mmHg.
Heavy coffee drinkers had other cardiovascular risk factors
One of the limitations of the study is that people who consumed the most coffee were more likely to have several risk factors for developing and dying from cardiovascular disease, including smoking, alcohol consumption and the consumption of few vegetables.
Another limitation of the research is that the total number of deaths from cardiovascular disease and the subset of those deaths among participants with severe hypertension were too small to draw general conclusions about the potential benefits or harms of coffee.
A third drawback is that the researchers relied on study participants to accurately recall and report the amount of coffee and tea they consumed.
RELATED: 8 teas that can help or hurt your heart
The sugar and saturated fat in your coffee could be a problem
Another limitation of the study is that the scientists lacked data on how people made these drinks – so they didn’t know whether people loaded their drinks with sugar or cream or drank black coffee or plain green tea. .
“Black coffee and mocha-frappa-shit-puccino can both be called coffee, but the latter is a sugar and saturated fat delivery vehicle,” explains Christopher Gardner, PhDnutrition scientist and professor of medicine at Stanford University in California, who was not involved in the study.
Similarly, “Green tea and boba or bubble tea are similar in that they can be called tea, but the latter is more of a tea flavored drink with sugar and dairy products and other additivesadds Dr. Gardner.
The Basics About Coffee and Severe High Blood Pressure
“If you have severe high blood pressure and like coffee, consider limiting your intake to one cup a day,” says Gardner.
The study didn’t conclude that people should quit coffee altogether, he adds, or suggest any benefits to switching to tea.
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