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By Ann Schreiber Health Day Reporter
(Health Day)
WEDNESDAY, May 24, 2023 (HealthDay News) — Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that can have a profound impact on a woman’s life.
Characterized by the overproduction of androgens – which are often thought of as male hormones but are also found in women in smaller amounts – PCOS can affect various aspects of reproductive health and general well-being.
This article will explore the causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and available treatments.
PCOS, he said, is a common disorder that causes menstrual problems.
“It’s very common, and this hormonal imbalance can cause patients to have more acne, more body hair, and to develop cysts in their ovaries,” Comkornruecha said.
The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that women of all races and ethnicities can have PCOS. It’s often discovered when women are having trouble getting pregnant, but it can start soon after a girl’s first period, usually around age 11 or 12. It can also develop during the 20s or 30s.
It is important to note that PCOS does not appear exclusively as a fertility problem and can affect different stages of a woman’s reproductive life.
PCOS causes and risk factors
The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown, but the Mayo Clinic points to several suspicious contributors:
- Insulin resistance
- Low-grade inflammation
- Heredity
- Excess androgens (this is a group of sex hormones that help trigger puberty and play a role in reproductive health and body development, according to the Cleveland Clinic).
THE onset of PCOS symptoms usually occurs around the time of the first menstrual period, according to the Mayo Clinic. In some cases, however, symptoms develop after a girl has had her period for a while. Symptoms of PCOS can vary, and a diagnosis is usually made when at least two of the following criteria are met:
- Irregular rules: Infrequent or unpredictable menstrual cycles are a common indicator of PCOS. Periods that last longer than the typical two to seven days or occur less than nine times a year, with more than 35 days between them, are also characteristic.
- Excess androgens: High levels can lead to the development of excessive facial and body hair, a condition known as hirsutism. In some cases, severe acne and male pattern baldness may also occur.
- Polycystic ovaries: Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries with several small follicles containing immature eggs. These ovaries may not function efficiently, affecting the normal release of eggs during the menstrual cycle.
For a diagnosis of PCOS, two of these symptomatic criteria must be met.
An endocrinologist, a specialist in hormonal disorders, performs a complete physical examination to make the diagnosis, according to NYU Langone Health. This exam assesses the presence of excessive facial and body hair, thinning scalp hair, acne, and other symptoms associated with high androgen levels.
When it comes to managing PCOS, a combination of medication and self-care strategies can improve symptoms and overall well-being. Currently, there is no cure for PCOS.
According to a study by Journal of Pediatric Nursing. In overweight or obese girls, adopting a healthier lifestyle through increased physical activity and weight loss has shown promising results in reducing androgen levels and regulating menstruation.
Here are some common ways to take care of yourself while managing your PCOS and overall health:
- Adopt a balanced and nutritious diet PCOS Diet which focuses on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean protein foods, and low-fat or fat-free milk, cheese, or yogurt.
- Engage in 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Incorporate stress management techniques such as mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or participate in activities you enjoy to reduce stress.
- Prioritize sleep, aim for seven to nine hours each night.
- Stop smoking and moderate your alcohol consumption.
- Schedule regular checkups with your healthcare provider to monitor your PCOS symptoms and your overall health.
- Birth control pills: Oral contraceptives are often prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, and relieve symptoms such as acne and excessive hair growth. They provide a regular dose of hormones and prevent the overproduction of androgens.
- Antiandrogens: These medications can help reduce symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, and male pattern baldness. Anti-androgens are often used in conjunction with birth control pills.
- Metformin: Originally used to manage diabetes, metformin has shown benefits for managing PCOS. It improves insulin sensitivity, helps regulate menstrual cycles, and may aid in weight management. Metformin for PCOS can be prescribed alone or in combination with other medications.
Medication choices and dosages may vary depending on individual circumstances, symptoms, and overall health. Consultation with a healthcare professional is essential to determine the medication and treatment plan best suited to your specific needs.
Women with PCOS can lead fulfilling lives
Although PCOS can have a significant impact on various aspects of a woman’s life, it is not an inherently dangerous or fatal condition. The majority of women with PCOS can lead fulfilling lives through lifestyle modifications, self-care practices, and appropriate medical interventions.
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