Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Imperial College London, London, UK

Bin Zhou, Kate E. Sheffer, James E. Bennett, Edward W. Gregg, Rosie K. Singleton, Victor P. F. Lhoste, Nowell H. Phelps, Rachel A. Heap, Archie W. Rayner, Queenie Chan, Ilpo Tapani Huhtaniemi, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Evangelia Tzala, Mark Woodward, Li Yan & Majid Ezzati

RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland

Edward W. Gregg & Karen Morgan

Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

Goodarz Danaei & Yanping Li

Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Jonathan E. Shaw & Dianna J. Magliano

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA

Anu Mishra

Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Unjali P. Gujral, Duygu Islek, Reynaldo Martorell & Aryeh D. Stein

South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

Andre P. Kengne

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Gretchen A. Stevens, Leanne M. Riley, Melanie J. Cowan, Stefan Savin & Mohamed M. Ali

University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Chris J. Paciorek

University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Stephen Vander Hoorn & Jacqueline Ramke

Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA

Yuan Lu

US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

Meda E. Pavkov & Giuseppina Imperatore

Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion, Mexico City, Mexico

Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas

Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Noor Ani Ahmad, Tahir Aris, Norazizah Ibrahim Wong, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff & Ahmad A. Zainuddin

Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India

Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Mohan Deepa, Viswanathan Mohan & Rajendra Pradeepa

Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Kairat Davletov, Batyrbek Assembekov & Mukhtar Kulimbet

Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Farshad Farzadfar, Sareh Eghtesad, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malekzadeh, Kazem Mohammad, Zahra Mohammadi, Seyed-Ali Mostafavi, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Akram Pourshams, Hossein Poustchi, Alireza Sadjadi, Sadaf G. Sepanlou, Maryam Sharafkhah & Amaneh Shayanrad

National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico

Clicerio González-Villalpando, Eric Monterrubio-Flores, Teresa Shamah-Levy & Salvador Villalpando

Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Young-Ho Khang

Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Hyeon Chang Kim

Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

Tiina Laatikainen, Tuija Jääskeläinen, Eero O. Kajantie, Seppo Koskinen, Annamari Lundqvist, Markku Peltonen & Hanna K. Tolonen

ICMR – National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India

Avula Laxmaiah, Nimmathota Arlappa, Nagalla Balakrishna, Rachakulla Hari Kumar, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna Rao & Indrapal I. Meshram

University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Jean Claude N. Mbanya, Felix K. Assah, Augustin F. Beybey, François F. Kaze & Eugène Sobngwi

India Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India

Ambady Ramachandran, Snehalatha Chamukuttan & Mary Simon

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Alisha N. Wade

Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland

Tomasz Zdrojewski, Piotr Bandosz & Marcin Rutkowski

Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Naser Ahmadi, Narges Ebrahimi, Yosef Farzi, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Ali Ghanbari, Erfan Ghasemi, Rosa Haghshenas, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Masoud Masinaei, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Negar Rezaei & Moein Yoosefi

Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

Hanan F. Abdul Rahim

Birzeit University, Birzeit, State of Palestine

Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh & Abdullatif Husseini

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Shalkar Adambekov, Anar Dushpanova, Zhanna Kalmatayeva, Mukhtar Kulimbet & Alibek Mereke

Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Robert J. Adams

Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

Wichai Aekplakorn & Paibul Suriyawongpaisal

Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, The Philippines

Imelda A. Agdeppa, Mario V. Capanzana, Charmaine A. Duante, Eldridge Ferrer, Glen Gironella & Lynell V. Maniego

Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran

Javad Aghazadeh-Attari & Iraj Mohebbi

University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Charles Agyemang, Lizzy M. Brewster, Karien Stronks, Bert-Jan van den Born & Irene G. M. van Valkengoed

Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord, Iran

Ali Ahmadi

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

Nastaran Ahmadi, Amir Houshang Mehrparvar & Mohammad Reza Mirjalili

University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Soheir H. Ahmed, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjertness, Aung Soe Htet & Ahmed A. Madar

The National Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics, Amman, Jordan

Kamel Ajlouni & Mohammad El-Khateeb

Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman

Halima Al-Hinai & Jawad A. Al-Lawati

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Badreya Al-Lahou & Husam F. Alomirah

World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, Egypt

Deena Al Asfoor, Eman Aly & Heba M. Fouad

Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Nawal M. Al Qaoud & Maryam A. Aldwairji

Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Monira Alarouj & Abdullah Alkandari

Aldara Hospital and Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Fadia AlBuhairan

King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Shahla AlDhukair

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Farbod Alinezhad, Elnaz Faramarzi, Saeid Safiri & Mohammad Hossein Somi

Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India

Deepak N. Amarapurkar

Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway

Lars Bo Andersen

Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway

Sigmund A. Anderssen & Jostein Steene-Johannessen

Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador

Dolores S. Andrade

Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam & Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Shahri

National Institute of Public Health, Tunis, Tunisia

Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri & Nada Zoghlami

University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Krishna K. Aryal

Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Juha Auvinen, Sauli Herrala, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Jari J. Jokelainen & Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi

University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Juha Auvinen, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Raija Korpelainen & Sylvain Sebert

Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia

Mária Avdičová & Jana Námešná

Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Kishwar Azad

Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran

Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad & Seyed Morteza Shamshirgaran

Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Fereidoun Azizi

National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Flora Bacopoulou & Vasiliki Efthymiou

University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen

Mohamed Bamoshmoosh

Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Maciej Banach, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk & Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

José R. Banegas, Juan J. Cruz, Esther Lopez-Garcia & Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo

University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Carlo M. Barbagallo & Davide Noto

University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

Alberto Barceló

University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Maja Baretić, Ana Jelaković, Josipa Josipović, Jelena Kos, Ivan Pećin & Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic

Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia

Lena Barrera, Fabián Méndez & Mildrey Mosquera

Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, Pakistan

Abdul Basit

Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan

Anwar M. Batieha, Hashem Y. Jaddou & Yousef Saleh Khader

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil

Aline P. Batista & George L. L. Machado-Coelho

University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Louise A. Baur, Chris Cowell & Sarah P. Garnett

Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India

Antonisamy Belavendra, Gowri Mahasampath & Nihal Thomas

University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia

Habiba Ben Romdhane & Olfa Saidi

Cafam University Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia

Mikhail Benet

Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Salim Berkinbayev & Ildar Fakhradiyev

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru

Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, J. Jaime Miranda, Pedro J. Ortiz & Tania Tello

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Ximena Berrios Carrasola, Catterina Ferreccio, Paula Margozzini, Juan Francisco Miquel, Flavio Nervi & Gonzalo Valdivia

University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

Heloísa Bettiol, Viviane C. Cardoso, Andrea R. V. R. Horimoto & Alexandre C. Pereira

Sunder Lal Jain Hospital, Delhi, India

Santosh K. Bhargava

Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Yaoundé, Cameroon

Elysée Claude Bika Lele

Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia

Mukharram M. Bikbov, Ellina M. Iakupova, Gyulli M. Kazakbaeva & Azaliia M. Tuliakova

Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal

Bihungum Bista, Meghnath Dhimal, Anjani Kumar Jha & Anil Poudyal

University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark

Peter Bjerregaard, Louise Eriksen, Charlotte B. Ottendahl & Janne S. Tolstrup

University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

Cecilia Björkelund, Dominique Hange, Lauren Lissner, Kirsten Mehlig & Annika Rosengren

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Katia V. Bloch

National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Anneke Blokstra & Lucie Viet

University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Simona Bo

University College London, London, UK

Martin Bobak, Nish Chaturvedi, Edward F. Fottrell, Hynek Pikhart, Rui Providencia, Reecha Sofat, Julie Taylor, S. Goya Wannamethee & Andrew Wong

Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

Jose G. Boggia & Oscar A. Noboa

IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy

Marialaura Bonaccio, Simona Costanzo, Amalia De Curtis, Giovanni de Gaetano & Licia Iacoviello

Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa Rica

Alice Bonilla-Vargas & Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza

KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Herman Borghs, Frank Buntinx, Frank Claessens, Jan A. Staessen, Dirk Vanderschueren, Yu-Ling Yu & Zhen-Yu Zhang

Ministry of Health, Victoria, Seychelles

Pascal Bovet & Bharathi Viswanathan

Unisanté, Lausanne, Switzerland

Pascal Bovet

Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela

Imperia Brajkovich

German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

Hermann Brenner, Kai-Uwe Saum & Ben Schöttker

The Fred Hollows Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand

Garry R. Brian

University of the Andes, Mérida, Venezuela

Yajaira Briceño & Mariela Paoli

Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Miguel Brito

University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Anna Bugge

Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

Antonio Cabrera de León

Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA

Roberta B. Caixeta & Pedro Ordunez

Istanbul University – Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Türkiye

Günay Can

Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil

Ana Paula C. Cândido

National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic

Naděžda Čapková, Ruzena Kubinova & Michala Lustigová

Gaetano Fucito Hospital, Mercato San Severino, Italy

Eduardo Capuano, Rocco Capuano, Vincenzo Capuano & Anna G. Iannone

Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden

Axel C. Carlsson & Holger Theobald

Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Felipe F. Casanueva

Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Rome, Italy

Laura Censi & Marika Ferrari

Sanpasitthiprasong Regional Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand

Parinya Chamnan

Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia

Fadi J. Charchar

Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China

Huashuai Chen

Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Bahman Cheraghian, Mohammad Esmaeel Motlagh, Nader Saki & Ali Akbar Shayesteh

CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain

María-Dolores Chirlaque, Magda Gasull & José María Huerta

Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

Jerzy Chudek & Andrzej Więcek

Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

Renata Cifkova & Michala Lustigová

Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic

Renata Cifkova

University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy

Massimo Cirillo

UMR CNRS-MNHN 7206, Paris, France

Emmanuel Cohen

Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria

Hans Concin & Emanuel Zitt

University of Southampton, Southampton, UK

Cyrus Cooper, Elaine Dennison, Caroline H. Fall, Clive Osmond, Senthil K. Vasan & Leo D. Westbury

CIBEROBN, Madrid, Spain

Ana B. Crujeiras & Luis A. Moreno

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil

Felipe V. Cureau

University of Malta, Msida, Malta

Sarah Cuschieri

National Research Council, Reggio Calabria, Italy

Graziella D’Arrigo

Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

Eleonora d’Orsi & Diego Augusto Santos Silva

Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France

Jean Dallongeville

Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique

Albertino Damasceno

Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz, Iran

Saeed Dastgiri

Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Stefaan De Henauw, Patrick Kolsteren & Carl Lachat

Innovating Health International, Port-au-Prince, Haiti

Vincent DeGennaro Jr

Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium

Stefaan Demarest & Johan Van der Heyden

French Public Health Agency, St Maurice, France

Valérie Deschamps, Sandrine Fosse & Benoit Salanave

University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Zivka Dika & Bojan Jelaković

Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

Shirin Djalalinia & Niloofar Peykari

Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy

Chiara Donfrancesco, Simona Giampaoli & Luigi Palmieri

Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Guanghui Dong

Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania

Maria Dorobantu & Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea

University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

Marcus Dörr, Till Ittermann, Joany Mariño, Sabine Schipf & Carsten O. Schmidt

University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

Nico Dragano

Lazarski University, Warsaw, Poland

Wojciech Drygas

Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

Yong Du, Christin Heidemann & Christa Scheidt-Nave

IRL 3189 ESS, Marseille, France

Priscilla Duboz & Enguerran Macia

Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy

Anar Dushpanova

Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Gizo, Solomon Islands

Ricky Eddie

Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Ebrahim Eftekhar & Azim Nejatizadeh

University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria

Eruke E. Egbagbe

National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia

Jalila El Ati

The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica

Denise Eldemire-Shearer, Trevor S. Ferguson, Damian K. Francis, Kenneth James, Shelly R. McFarlane, Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid, Rainford J. Wilks & Novie O. Younger-Coleman

Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain

Roberto Elosua & Miquel Porta

CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain

Roberto Elosua

University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Ofem Enang & Akaninyene Otu

University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa

Rajiv T. Erasmus

University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Raimund Erbel, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Nils Lehmann, Ulla Roggenbuck & Sara Schramm

Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye

Cihangir Erem, Irfan Nuhoğlu & Murat Topbas

Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye

Gul Ergor

University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Johan G. Eriksson & Jukka T. Salonen

Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

Ali Esmaeili & Hamid Hakimi

Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Roger G. Evans, Amanda G. Thrift & Paul Zimmet

Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran

Mojtaba Farjam

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Reza Malekzadeh, Salar Rahimikazerooni, Abbas Rezaianzadeh & Ali Reza Safarpour

Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan

Asher Fawwad

Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Badajoz, Spain

Francisco J. Felix-Redondo

Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Badajoz, Spain

Daniel Fernández-Bergés

Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil

Haroldo S. Ferreira & Tamara R. Santos

Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

Edith J. M. Feskens

Wuqu’ Kawoq, Tecpan, Guatemala

David Flood & Peter Rohloff

Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Maria Forsner & Stefan Söderberg

Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma, Spain

Guillermo Frontera

Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Takuro Furusawa

Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Zbigniew Gaciong

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Andrea Gazzinelli & Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez

Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Ulrike Gehring

Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

Ebrahim Ghaderi & Farhad Moradpour

B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal

Anup Ghimire & Sanjib K. Sharma

University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

Alessandro Gialluisi, Francesco Gianfagna & Licia Iacoviello

Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy

Francesco Gianfagna

University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Tiffany K. Gill, David A. Gonzalez-Chica & Anne Taylor

Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Aleksander Giwercman

McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada

David Goltzman & Suzanne N. Morin

PASs Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw, Poland

Aleksandra Gomula & Slawomir Koziel

Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil

Helen Gonçalves, Bernardo L. Horta & Ana Maria B. Menezes

University Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola

Mauer Gonçalves

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Marcela Gonzalez-Gross

International Clinical Research Center, Brno, Czech Republic

Juan P. González-Rivas

Centro de Estudios en Diabetes A.C, Mexico City, Mexico

María-Elena González-Villalpando

Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Angel R. Gonzalez

University of Lille, Lille, France

Frederic Gottrand

Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic

Dušan Grafnetter & Vera Lanska

Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

Tomasz Grodzicki, Grazyna Jasienska & Ilona Nenko

University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Anders Grøntved, Peter Lund Kristensen, Niels C. Møller & Niels Wedderkopp

Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia

Ramiro Guerrero

Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India

Rajeev Gupta

Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Laura Gutierrez, Vilma E. Irazola & Adolfo Rubinstein

National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Xinyi Gwee & Tze Pin Ng

The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados

Ian R. Hambleton & Christina Howitt

Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Behrooz Hamzeh & Farid Najafi

Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa

Willem A. Hanekom & Emily B. Wong

University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

Sari Hantunen, Jussi Kauhanen, Jaakko Mursu, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Jyrki K. Virtanen & Ari Voutilainen

Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Jie Hao, Ya Xing Wang & Wenbin Wei

Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Javad Harooni & Moslem Sedaghattalab

Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Jun Hata & Toshiharu Ninomiya

Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

Rafael dos Santos Henrique & Thaliane Mayara Pessôa dos Prazeres

Chronic Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Ramin Heshmat

University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Sai Yin Ho, Gabriel M. Leung & Michael Y. Ni

French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Montpellier, France

Michelle Holdsworth, Bernard Maire & Pierre Traissac

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Reza Homayounfar, Davood Khalili, Bahareh Kheiri, Amirabbas Momenan, Hamideh Sabbaghi & Sare Safi

Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Wilma M. Hopman

Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia

Claudia Hormiga

University Oran 1, Oran, Algeria

Leila Houti & Sounnia Mediene Benchekor

Independent Public Health Specialist, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Thein Thein Htay

Ministry of Health and Sports, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Maung Maung Than Htike & Aye Aye Sein

VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Martijn Huisman, Natasja M. Van Schoor & Elisabeth M. van Zutphen

International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

Inge Huybrechts

College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria

Chinwuba Ijoma & Obinna Onodugo

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Takafumi Ishida

Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria

Godsent C. Isiguzo

Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia

Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Masanori Iwasaki

Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

Jeremy M. Jacobs & Jochanan Stessman

Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

Michel Jadoul

Gambia National Nutrition Agency, Banjul, The Gambia

Bakary Jallow & Modou Cheyassin Phall

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait

Kazi M. Jamil

University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Edward Janus

Heart Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Garry Jennings & Bill Stavreski

Universidad Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Ramon O. Jimenez

Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Jost B. Jonas

World Health Organization Country Office, Delhi, India

Pradeep Joshi

Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

Farahnaz Joukar & Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei

University of Opole, Opole, Poland

Jacek Jóźwiak

University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece

Anthony Kafatos

Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal

Khem B. Karki

Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

Marzieh Katibeh

University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Calvin Ke

Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan, Iran

Roya Kelishadi

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Maryam Keramati & Reza Mohammadpourhodki

Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Dortmund, Germany

Mathilde Kersting

Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran

Arsalan Khaledifar

Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

Motahareh Kheradmand & Mahmood Moosazadeh

Hypertension Research Center, Isfahan, Iran

Alireza Khosravi

Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Stefan Kiechl, Michael Knoflach, Raimund Pechlaner, Hanno Ulmer, Johann Willeit & Peter Willeit

VASCage – Research Centre on Vascular Ageing and Stroke, Innsbruck, Austria

Sophia J. Kiechl & Stefan Kiechl

Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK

Andrew Kingston & Louise Robinson

University College South Denmark, Haderslev, Denmark

Heidi Klakk

Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Jana Klanova & Pavel Piler

University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Jürgen König & Petra Rust

Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia

Paul Korrovits & Margus Punab

Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius

Sudhir Kowlessur

University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Susi Kriemler

University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Daan Kromhout

University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

Urho M. Kujala

National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland

Pawel Kurjata & Aleksandra Piwonska

African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya

Catherine Kyobutungi

Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam

Quang Ngoc La & Hoang Van Minh

University of Limpopo, Polokwane, South Africa

Demetre Labadarios

Stellennbosch University, Polokwane, South Africa

Demetre Labadarios

Ministry of Health, Algiers, Algeria

Youcef Laid

Ministry of Health, Georgetown, Guyana

Lachmie Lall

Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation, Oulu, Finland

Tiina Lankila & Solie Puhakka

Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

Georg Lappas

Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Bagher Larijani

University of Public Health, Yangon, Myanmar

Tint Swe Latt & Ko Ko Zaw

Centro Studi Epidemiologici di Gubbio, Gubbio, Italy

Martino Laurenzi

Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

Terho Lehtimäki

Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

Terho Lehtimäki

University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

Daniel Lemogoum

Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

M. Fernanda Lima-Costa & Sergio Viana Peixoto

National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Hsien-Ho Lin

Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Lars Lind & Johan Sundström

Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China

Xiaotian Liu & Chongjian Wang

Universidad San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru

Tania Lopez & Luis Revilla

Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Valladolid, Spain

José Eugenio Lozano & Tomas Vega

Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania

Dalia Luksiene & Abdonas Tamosiunas

University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Nuno Lunet, Andreia N. Pizarro & Maria Paula Santos

University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

Aristides M. Machado-Rodrigues

Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra, Portugal

Luisa M. Macieira & Lèlita C. Santos

University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Harlingen, TX, USA

Gladys E. Maestre & Jesus D. Melgarejo

Institute of Neuroscience of the National Research Council, Padua, Italy

Stefania Maggi & Marianna Noale

Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Emmanuella Magriplis & Antonis Zampelas

Academia VBHC, São Paulo, Brazil

Marcia Makdisse

Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia

Sofia Malyutina

Harokopio University, Athens, Greece

Yannis Manios

Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Masimango Imani Mannix

University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Enzo Manzato & Sabina Zambon

Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

Larissa Pruner Marques

Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Guarapuava, Brazil

Luis P. Mascarenhas

UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Ellisiv B. Mathiesen & Tom Wilsgaard

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa

Tandi E. Matsha

Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama

Anselmo J. Mc Donald Posso, Jorge Motta, Daniel A. Rangel Reina & Julio Zuñiga Cisneros

Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

Stephen T. McGarvey

University of Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Diane T. Meto

Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

Cláudia S. Minderico, Diana A. Santos & Luis B. Sardinha

Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India

G. K. Mini

Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy

Pietro A. Modesti

Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Mostafa K. Mohamed & Aya Mostafa

Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Mohammad Reza Mohammadi

Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan, Iran

Noushin Mohammadifard & Nizal Sarrafzadegan

University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary

Dénes Molnár

Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda

Charles K. Mondo

Gorgas Memorial Institute for Studies of Health, Panama City, Panama

Roger A. Montenegro Mendoza & Hedley K. Quintana

University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos, Cienfuegos, Cuba

Alain Morejon

University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Luis A. Moreno

Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran

Alireza Moslem & Mohammad Hossien Saghi

International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland

Malgorzata Mossakowska & Przemysław Slusarczyk

World Health Organization Country Office, Lilongwe, Malawi

Kelias P. Msyamboza

Department of Public Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar

Thet Thet Mu

University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Maria L. Muiesan & Massimo Salvetti

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia

Kamarul Imran Musa, Wan Mohamad Wan Bebakar & Nor Azwany Yaacob

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Norlaila Mustafa

University de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Muel Telo M. C. Muyer

Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

Iraj Nabipour

Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

Gabriele Nagel

Department of Statistics, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Balkish M. Naidu

Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India

Vinay B. Nangia

Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa

Take Naseri

Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

Nareemarn Neelapaichit

National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam

Chung T. Nguyen

Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam

Quang Ngoc Nguyen

Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

Peng Nie

Precision Care Clinic Corp, St. Cloud, FL, USA

Ramfis E. Nieto-Martínez

Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Amman, Jordan

Mohannad Al Nsour

University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

Terence W. O’Neill, Maciej Tomaszewski & Frederick C. Wu

University of Abuja College of Health Sciences, Abuja, Nigeria

Augustine N. Odili

Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea

Kyungwon Oh & Suyeon Park

Japan Wildlife Research Center, Tokyo, Japan

Ryutaro Ohtsuka

Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye

Altan Onat

Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei

Sok King Ong & Khairil Si-Ramlee

University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal

Rui Ornelas

Osteoporosis Research Center, Tehran, Iran

Afshin Ostovar

Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

Johanna A. Otero

Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Ellis Owusu-Dabo

Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

Wen-Harn Pan

Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany

Songhomitra Panda-Jonas

IRCCS Ente Ospedaliero Specializzato in Gastroenterologia S. de Bellis, Bari, Italy

Francesco Panza

Jivandeep Hospital, Anand, India

Nikhil D. Patel

Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola, Caxito, Angola

João M. Pedro

Vietnam National Heart Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam

Son Thai Pham

National Hospital of Endocrinology, Hanoi, Vietnam

Hiep Hoang Phan

Clínica de Medicina Avanzada Dr. Abel González, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Rafael N. Pichardo

University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Aida Pilav

Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Honiara, Solomon Islands

Freda Pitakaka

Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain

Pedro Plans-Rubió

Observatorio de Salud Pública de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

Silvia Plata

Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran

Farhad Pourfarzi

Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

Jardena J. Puder

Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

Mostafa Qorbani

Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam

Tran Quoc Bao

University of Turku, Turku, Finland

Olli Raitakari

Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala

Manuel Ramirez-Zea

Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol, Girona, Spain

Rafel Ramos

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

Lekhraj Rampal

University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Sanjay Rampal

University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

Josep Redon

University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil

Jane D. P. Renner & Cézane P. Reuter

CS S. Agustín Ibsalut, Palma, Spain

Fernando Rigo

Ministerio de Salud, Panama City, Panama

Reina G. Roa

Canarian Health Service, Tenerife, Spain

María del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez

Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia

Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar

Ministery of Health and Social Protection, Bogotá, Colombia

Andrea Y. Rodríguez

Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, Reggio Calabria, Italy

Elisabetta L. Romeo

Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Annika Rosengren

Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, New Delhi, India

Harshpal S. Sachdev

University or Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Sanja Šalaj

National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru

Jose Sánchez-Abanto & Carolina B. Tarqui-Mamani

Wellbeing Services County of South Karelia, Lappeenranta, Finland

Jouko L. Saramies

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Mariana Sbaraini, Beatriz D. Schaan & Karen Sparrenberger

University of São Paulo Clinics Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil

Marcia Scazufca

Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

Ronel Sewpaul

Academy of Preventive Medicine, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Almaz Sharman

Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan

Hana Shimizu-Furusawa

Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

Rahman Shiri

Public Health Promotion and Development Organization, Kathmandu, Nepal

Namuna Shrestha

St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Judith Simons

University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Leon A. Simons & Mark Woodward

Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Michael Sjöström & Peter Ueda

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK

Liam Smeeth

Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Agustinus Soemantri

University of Bari, Bari, Italy

Vincenzo Solfrizzi

University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France

Aïcha Soumaré & Christophe Tzourio

University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany

Alfonso Sousa-Poza

Bonn University, Bonn, Germany

Peter Stehle

National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland

Jakub Stokwiszewski & Bogdan Wojtyniak

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Seccional Cali, Cali, Colombia

Milton F. Suarez-Ortegón

Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand

Phalakorn Suebsamran

National Statistical Office, Praia, Cabo Verde

René Charles Sylva

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA

Moyses Szklo

Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan

Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh

Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India

K. R. Thankappan

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Xenophon Theodoridis & Areti Triantafyllou

University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Erik J. Timmermans & Lenie van Rossem

National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia

Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini

Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Madrid, Spain

Laura Torres-Collado

Department of Health, Faga’alu, American Samoa

John Tuitele

LBJ Hospital, Faga’alu, American Samoa

John Tuitele

Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto, Venezuela

Eunice Ugel

Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA

Flora A. M. Ukoli

University of Tampere Tays Eye Center, Tampere, Finland

Hannu M. T. Uusitalo

MONICA-FRIULI Study Group, Udine, Italy

Diego Vanuzzo

Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium

Roosmarijn Verstraeten

CIBERESP, Alicante, Spain

Jesus Vioque

Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Wan Nazaimoon Wan Mohamud

Capital Medical University Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China

Ningli Wang

Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China

Qian Wang

Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan

Ying-Wei Wang

The Ministry of Health and Wellness, Kingston, Jamaica

Karen Webster-Kerr

St George’s, University of London, London, UK

Peter H. Whincup

Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Kurt Widhalm

Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Indah S. Widyahening

Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China

Haiquan Xu

Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China

Liang Xu

Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Weili Yan

Niigata University, Niigata, Japan

Akihiro Yoshihara

South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, China

Yunjiang Yu

Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Farhad Zamani

Peking University, Beijing, China

Yi Zeng

Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

Yi Zeng

West Kazakhstan Medical University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Bekbolat Zholdin

University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

Majid Ezzati