IIT Madras researchers develop new approach to earthquake prediction

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Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) researchers in Madras have developed a new approach for more accurate earthquake detection. The proposed approach accurately detects the onset of the P-wave, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, says the institute.

It offers more flexible frequency band selection, by analyzing both low and high frequencies at each level, which results in accurate detection, and allows the user to ignore noise in unwanted time frequency bands resulting in an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which Leads to careful selection of the beginning of the P wave.

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“The proposed solution results in the accurate detection and selection of first waves in seismic signals, which provides a small lead time and enables life-saving measures to be taken,” says IIT Madras. Nuclear reactors, transportation like the subway and stopping elevators in a tall building on the closest floor, among many other measures that could save countless lives.”

With this approach, the precise time of arrival of the non-destructive waves of earthquakes will help develop early warning signs and provide a lead time of about 30 seconds to two minutes depending on the distance of the epicenter from the monitoring site, even the devastating surface waves hit the ground, the institute claims.

The research was conducted by Kanchan Agarwal, PhD Researcher, IIT Madras, under the guidance of Professor Arun K Tangirala, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras. Their research results have been published in the acclaimed, peer-reviewed open-access journal PLOS ONE. The research was funded in part by the Council for Research in Nuclear Sciences, an advisory body to the Department of Atomic Energy.

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Highlighting the practical applications of the research Prof. Tangerala says: “The proposed framework is not necessarily limited to seismic event detection but is general and can be used to detect and isolate faults in other areas as well. Moreover, the framework can include any predictive models including Machine learning and deep learning models, minimizing human interference with discovery.”

The P-wave arrival information is crucial in determining other source parameters of an event such as the magnitude, depth, and location of the earthquake. Therefore, it is necessary to find a robust, accurate and accurate solution to the problem of P-wave detection to correctly estimate event details and reduce the damage caused by earthquake or other events.

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