New type of COVID vaccine hits Lehigh Valley. Should you get a new COVID booster? If so, when?

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John Wherry will wait until later in the fall to consider getting an updated COVID-19 booster. The University of Pennsylvania immunologist knows its too soon after his shot late this summer, especially since hes not at high risk from the virus.

Its the kind of calculation many Americans will face as booster shots that target currently circulating omicron strains become available to a population with widely varying risks and levels of immunity.

In addition, Lehigh Valley Health Network this week past announced the availability beginning Friday, Sept. 2, of Novavax COVID-19 vaccines as another primary series option for adults over age 18 at the networks COVID-19 Vaccine ClinicMacArthur Road in Whitehall Township. Novavax is a two-dose primary series and is given at least three weeks apart but can be given up to eight weeks apart if necessary.

The Novavax vaccine uses a different type of technology than the mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna. It uses a more traditional protein-based approach like other current vaccines used to prevent other illnesses. The Novavax vaccine is not indicated for use as a booster and is only available for those who have not received a previous COVID-19 vaccine. For scheduling and more information on vaccines and clinics, visit LVHN.org/vaccines. Information on third vaccine shots or boosters can be found at LVHN.org/booster. St. Lukes University Health Network patients can learn more about their vaccination options at slhn.org/covid-19.

Separate from the Novavax vaccine, following are some things to know about the new booster:

HOW ARE THE NEW BOOSTERS DIFFERENT?

Theyre combination or bivalent shots that contain half the original vaccine thats been used since December 2020 and half protection against todays dominant omicron versions, BA.4 and BA.5. Its the first update to COVID-19 vaccines ever cleared by the Food and Drug Administration.

WHO’S ELIGIBLE?

Updated shots made by Pfizer and its partner BioNTech are authorized for anyone 12 and older, and rival Modernas version is for adults. Theyre to be used as a booster for anyone whos already had their primary vaccination series using shots from any US-cleared company and regardless of how many boosters theyve already gotten.

IF I JUST GOT ONE OF THE ORIGINAL BOOSTERS, SHOULD I GET THE NEW KIND RIGHT AWAY?

No. The FDA set the minimum wait time at two months. But advisers to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said its better to wait longer. Some advise at least three months, another said someone who is not at high risk might wait as long as six months.

If you wait a little more time, you get a better immunologic response, said CDC adviser Dr. Sarah Long of Drexel University.

Thats because someone who recently got a booster already has more virus-fighting antibodies in their bloodstream. Antibodies gradually wane over time, and another shot too soon wont offer much extra benefit, explained Wherry, who wasnt involved with the governments decision-making.

WHAT IF I RECENTLY RECOVERED FROM COVID-19?

Its still important to get vaccinated even if you’ve already been infected but timing matters here, too.

The CDC has long told people to defer vaccination until theyve recovered but also that people may consider waiting for three months after recovering to get a vaccination. And several CDC advisers say waiting the three months is important, both for potentially more benefit from the shot and to reduce chances of a rare side effect, heart inflammation, that sometimes affects teen boys and young men.

HOW MUCH BENEFIT WILL THE NEW BOOSTERS OFFER?

Thats not clear, because tests of this exact recipe have only just begun in people.

The FDA cleared the new boosters based in large part on human studies of a similarly tweaked vaccine thats just been recommended by regulators in Europe. Those tweaked shots target an earlier omicron strain, BA.1, that circulated last winter, and studies found they revved up peoples virus-fighting antibodies.

With that earlier omicron version now replaced by BA.4 and BA.5, the FDA ordered an additional tweak to the shots and tests in mice showed they spark an equally good immune response.

Theres no way to know if antibodies produced by an omicron-matched booster might last longer than a few months. But a booster also is supposed to strengthen immune system memory, adding to protection against serious illness from the ever-mutating virus.

HOW DO WE KNOW THEYRE SAFE?

The basic ingredients used in both omicron-targeting updated vaccines are the same. Testing by Pfizer and Moderna of their BA.1-targeted versions proved safe in human studies and CDCs advisers concluded the additional small recipe change should be no different.

Flu vaccines are updated every year without human trials.

CAN I GET A NEW COVID-19 BOOSTER AND A FLU SHOT AT THE SAME TIME?

Yes, one in each arm.

WHAT IF I WANT TO WAIT?

People at high risk from COVID-19 are encouraged to get the new booster when theyre due. After all, BA.5 still is spreading widely and hospitalization rates in older adults have increased since spring.

Most Americans eligible for an updated booster have gone at least six months since their last shot, according to the CDC plenty of time that another shot should trigger a good immune response.

But the original formula still offers good protection against severe illness and death, especially after that all-important first booster. So its not uncommon for younger and healthier people to time boosters to take advantage of a shots temporary jump in protection against even a mild infection, like Wherry did.

A healthy 51-year-old, Wherry said he postponed the second booster recommended for his age for seven months, until late summer just before an international trip that he knew would increase his risk from unmasked crowds.

With the updated boosters now rolling out, he plans to evaluate in four or five months when presumably his antibody level starts waning and hes planning holiday gatherings, whether hed benefit from another shot.

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Supervising reporter Kurt Bresswein contributed to this report. Reach him [email protected].

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